The trilateral relations among the United States, Japan and Korea show complex characteristics in which the bilateral relations between the United States and Japan, and between the United States and Korea, respectively contain hierarchy, but the bilateral relations between Korea and Japan have been shaped by their domestic politics under the influence of the United States. In other words, the asymmetry of US-Japanese-Korean relations represents multiple aspects which are determined by more than just the distribution of capabilities in an anarchical environment. Accordingly, close attention must be paid to recent theoretical discussions in international relations concerning hierarchy and status. The San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed in July 1951, and had a great impact on the structuration of the hierarchy in US-Japanese-Korean relations. This article argues that through the peace conference, the relations among the United States, Japan and Korea were differentiated into a hierarchical pattern: Japan played an important role as an agent in construction of the so-called San Francisco system, while Korea’s status as a participant in the treaty was denied by a political process.

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