RISS 검색 - 학위논문 상세보기

국문 초록 (Abstract)

古代로부터 人間은 화폐를 만들어 사용하였다. 初期의 화폐를 물물교환의 物品화폐로 시작하여 점차 名目화폐로 변화, 발달하였다. 우리나라의 鑄造화폐에 관한 기록은 약 2,900年前古朝鮮...

古代로부터 人間은 화폐를 만들어 사용하였다. 初期의 화폐를 물물교환의 物品화폐로 시작하여 점차 名目화폐로 변화, 발달하였다.
우리나라의 鑄造화폐에 관한 기록은 약 2,900年前古朝鮮의 子母錢에 관한 기록에서 알수 있으며, 그 후 銅錢은 계속 발달하였으나 記念貨인 別錢은 주로 中國에서 流入되었거나, 中國의 別錢을 모방한 것이였다.
1678年朝鮮朝肅宗4年常平通寶를 鑄出하기 위한 試鑄錢으로써, 화폐의 주출됨을 기념하기 위한 記念貨로써 만들어진 것이 別錢이다. 別錢의 특징은 朝鮮朝末期의 우리사회의 風習, 思想, 信仰, 希求등과 사회적 배경이 잘 표현되어 있고 한국적 意匠이 다양하게 나타나 있다.
別錢의 내용은 多男, 長壽, 富貴등을 祈願하였고, 그 외에도 여러 가지를 祝福하거나 希求하였다.
別錢의 形態은 錢貨式別錢, 變形式別錢, 열쇠牌別錢으로 크게 나눌 수 있다.
錢貨式別錢은 常平通寶의 錢形과 비슷한 것으로 吉詳語錢, 五行錢, 通貨面文錢, 圖畵錢, 瓦當錢, 諸福錢, 戱作錢이 있고 그 종류가 80여종이 된다. 吉詳語錢은 皇室을 祝福하는 내용과 교훈적 내용이 담긴 別錢이며, 五行錢은 金, 木, 水, 火, 土가 새겨진 銅錢을 말하고 通貨面文錢은 前面은 常平通寶와 같고 後面은 星紋이 새겨진 것이 특징이다.
圖畵錢은 前, 後面에 山水圖가 그려져 있고 瓦當錢은 낙랑시대의 瓦當에 새겨졌던 文字를 모방하여 만든 別錢이며, 諸福錢이나 戱作錢은 壽, 富, 福등을 祝願하는 別錢이다.
變形式別錢은 錢貨式別錢과는 아주 다른 形態로 제작되어 있으며 透彫錢, 浮彫錢, 動物錢, 植物錢, 幾何圖形錢, 器具圖形錢이 이에 속하며 약 260여종이 있다.
透彫錢이나, 浮彫錢은 文字, 動物, 植物등을 투각하거나 부조의 技法으로 아주 정교하게 만들어진 別錢이다.
動物錢, 植物錢의 소재는 朝鮮朝에 많이 애용되었던 것으로 龍, 鶴, 蓮花, 梅花등을 이 용한 別錢이다.
幾何圖形錢은 圓形, 六角形, 八角形을 응용한 것이며, 器具圖形錢은 실패형, 부채형, 丁자형등 여러가지 器具의 形態를 본따서 만든 別錢이다.
열쇠牌別錢은 錢貨式變形式別錢보다 훨씬 後期에 생긴 것으로 色이나 形態가 화려해서 부녀자들이 실내에 즐겨 장식했으며, 결혼시 혼수품으로 많이 사용되기도 하였다. 그 종류에는 裝飾形과 獨立形이 있다.
장식형 열쇠패는 3∼5色의 끈에 別錢을 매달아서 장식했고, 독립형 열쇠패는 보통 別錢의 크기보다 크며, 여러개의 別錢을 연결하여 만든 한개의 열쇠패로 주머니형, 부채형, 원형, 용형등 여러 형태를 이루고 있다.
別錢의 紋樣은 植物紋, 動物紋, 十長生紋, 人物紋, 七寶紋, 기타 紋樣이 있다. 植物紋에는 연화문, 매화문, 이화문등이 있으며, 動物紋보다 종류나 수가 적은데 비해 動物紋은 그 종류가 많으며, 獸紋, 鳥紋, 魚紋, 蟲紋으로 구분 할 수 있다.
十長生紋은 크기가 다른 別錢에 비해 훨씬 크고 長壽하는 動物을 소재로 하여 주로 透彫로 제작되였다.
人物紋은 雙童이나 神仙이 浮彫로 주조되었고 七寶紋의 소재는 器具圖錢과 비슷하다.
別錢의 材料는 銅錢의 材料와 같으며 제작방법, 합금비율도 같다.
別錢의 技法은 쇳물을 鑄型에 부어 식힌 다음 떼어내고 줄질을 해서 광택을 내는 手工藝的인 方法으로 만들어졌다.
이러한 方法은 한일합방 前까지 활용하였고 한일합방과 함께 우리가 소중히 여겨온 別錢은 모든 생활상의 변화로 繼承發展되지 못하였다. 그러므로 우리의 固有한 뜻이 담긴 別錢에 관한 硏究分析이 이루어져야 한다고 생각하는 바이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been long since man invented currency and using it. In its initial period, man had dealt by spot exchange basis through the bartering of the articles, and gradually in later they came to using the currency.
The first kind of currench in Korean history can be found in the records relating to the old instruments, JAOJUN exsisted during the period of Old Chosun, approximately 2, 900 sisted years ago. However, the coins were developed in Korea, while Chams (special coins, amulets), a kind of charm, was originally introduced into Korea from China, and its form and design were much alike and presummed to be immitated that of China as a commemorative coin of those days. Charms was issued during the 4th year of the reign of King Sookjong of Yi Dynasty as commencing coinage as well as commemorative coin for the issuance of SANGPYUNG TONBO (Yi Dynasty of coins)-a kind of commonly circulated coin of that time.
The characteristics of Charms as a kind of coin is its detaile expression of the social background of those days including its traditional customs, the thoughts prevailed among the people, religious features and their prayers with unique colors and patterns of Korean. The contents of the features appeared on the Charms implies the desprate prayers of the people for their longevity, richness, and blessings including a few other contents of prayers.
The assumed forms of Charms can be largely classified into the three; the common-coin form, the transformed form, and the key-bundle form.
The common-coin form is much alike the shape of SANGPYUNG TONGBO, and its kinds are as many as around eighty including KILSANGEU coin, OHENG coin, TONGHWA MYUNMOON coin, DOHWA coin, WADANG coin, JAEBOK coin and HOJAK coin. The KILSANGEU coin is a kind of Charms with the contents of blessings for the welfare of King and his kins and some instructive implications; OHENG coin is a kind of coin being engraved Venus, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, and Saturn; TONGHWA MYUNMOON coin is characterized with its front side similar with that of the common coin, SANGPYUNG TONGBO, and the its rear side has been engraved a starry form; DOHWA coin has a natural scenes on each side of the coin; WADANG coin is a coin made by the way of immitation of the letters inscribed in WADANG during Ranguang age; and the JAEBOK coin and HOJAK coin are mare in view of attaining SU (longevity), BU (richness) and BOK (blessings).
The transformed form of coin was made into a very diffrent from that of the common coins, and Engraving coin, Relief coin, Animal coin, Vegetable coin, geometric form coin, and an implement form coin are being to this catagory covering a total of around two-hundred sixty kinds. Among them, Engraving, Relief Animal, and Vegetable coins are made into very intricate and the rough skillful workmanship in the form of engravings. The figures applied for Animal and Vegetable coins are those which were favorit objects for the people during the Yi Dynasty, such as dragon, crane, der, lotus and plum. Dynasty, such as dragon, crane, dear, lotus and plum. The geometric form coin are made into the forms fo round, hexagon, and octagon; the an implement form coin are made into the forms of spool, fan and that of all other tools and instruments; and the key-bundle coin was made much more later period than the former forms of common coin and transformed form coin, and the key-bundle coin looked so beautiful in its color and shape that the women of those days used to hang it in their walls of living rooms for decorative purposes as well as offered for wedding presents. There were two kinds of forms in this form of coin, one for decoration, the other for independent purpose. The decorative key-bundle was tied by several colored strings hanging coins for decorative purpose, and the indepdent form key-bundle is larger in size than common coins consisting several coins connected together, and is classified into pocket form, fan form, round form and other forms.
The patterns of Charms are so variable that they are Vegetable, animal, SHIPJANGSENG (ten kinds of animals living comparatively long period of life), human, CHILBO (seven kinds of jewels) and others. In the patterns of plants, there are plum, lotus and pear flowers, and they are less in number than the plants, and are classified into animals, birds, fishes, and insects. SHIPJANGSENG patterns are larger in size than all other patterns with samples of ten animals being selected for their long life in open work. And human patterns are carved in relief of the angeles, little angeles; while CHILBO patterns are representing seven kinds of jewels with the same same samples as are applied in the case of an implement forms.
The materials for making charms are the same one of coin (copper), and its method of manufacture, and the rate of alloy are also equivalent as that of coin.
The technique for manufacturing Charms is to mould the melt metal into the moulding pot, and after cooling, it will be remove out from process of manufacture. This method was applied until the time at the beginning of Japanese dormination of Korea, and consequently, after and during the Japanese dormination, Charms become away from our daily life.
Therefore, the writer deems the Charms, which represents a part of our unique culture and traditional property of the country, should be studied and analyzed continuously.

목차 (Table of Contents)

목차
國文抄錄 = i
I. 序論 = 1
1. 硏究目的 = 1
2. 硏究方法 및 範圍 = 2

목차
國文抄錄 = i
I. 序論 = 1
1. 硏究目的 = 1
2. 硏究方法 및 範圍 = 2
II. 歷史的考察 = 3
1. 화폐제도의 개요 = 3
2. 別錢의 특징 = 11
III. 別錢의 形態 = 18
1. 錢貨式別錢 = 18
1) 吉祥語錢 = 19
2) 五行錢 = 22
3) 通貨面文錢 = 24
4) 圖畵錢 = 25
5) 瓦當錢 = 26
6) 諸福錢 = 27
7) 戱作錢 = 29
2. 變形式別錢 = 30
1) 透彫錢 = 30
2) 浮彫錢 = 32
3) 動物錢 = 33
4) 植物錢 = 34
5) 幾何圖形錢 = 35
6) 器具圖形錢 = 36
3. 열쇠牌別錢 = 37
1) 裝飾形 열쇠牌 = 37
2) 獨立形 열쇠牌 = 38
IV. 別錢의 紋樣 = 44
1. 植物紋 = 44
2. 動物紋 = 47
3. 十長生紋 = 55
4. 人物紋 = 56
5. 七寶紋 = 57
6. 其他紋樣 = 59
V. 別錢의 材料 및 技法 = 61
VI. 結論 = 68
寫眞目錄 = 70
參考文獻 = 90
ABSTRACT = 92

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朝鮮朝時代의 別錢에 관한 硏究 = (A) study on charms during the Yi Dynasty

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