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Hoyeonjae Kim(浩然濟金 1681-1722 The daughters had no given names and only carried a surmame) was the great-great-granddaughter of Kim Sang-Yong, a minister(右議政) theat died for his country during the Ching Invasion of 1636. Kim Sang-Yongs younger brother, a minister (左議政) Kim Sang-Hun, was arrested by the Ching for vocally oppsing surrender. Because this pair of brothers kept faithful to their country, the younger Kims grandsons, Soo-Heung and Soo-Hang, both held the office of prime minister (領議政) and produced many wives of the king. Until then demise of the Chosun dynasty, it was the seoin(西人) and the Andong Kim family that dominated the court. With this political backdrop, Hoyeonjaes father, Kim Sung-Dal, also held an office and Hoyeonjae lived, married, and wrote with the pride that she was born into such a respected family.
Kim Sang-Yong built a country house with many pavilions (jeongja 亭子)in the beautiful valleys of Mount Inwang in Seoul. He took the name of the valley, Poong-gye(楓溪), as his pen name, and countless people, from his descendants to scholars of various disciplines, came here to socialize, write poetry, and forge friendships. This town, once called Changui-dong because of the Changui-mun located there, was later renamed Jang-dong and the desendants that carried the surname Kim became the Jang-dong Kims.
Kim Sung-Dal came here to trade poems with his third cousin Kim Chang-Hyup. When the government changed, he retreated to Hongsung-gun Galsan-myun Odu-ri of the Chungchong province where the family owned a farm; with this move, the literary space of the family changed from the mountains of Inwang to a poetic juxtaposition of mountain and ocean found in Odu-ri, and the name of the family changed from Jang-dong Kim to Galsan Kim. Although Hoyeonjae, who was born here, married at nineteen and moved to Hoiduk-hyun Song-chon, her own literary space would always remain in Odu-ri.
Although common knowledge dicatates that the women of Chosun never learned to read and write, this was not always the case. Although they were barred from outside educational institutions, many of them did learn within the household. The 13 siblings and the parents traded poetry in Hoyeonjaes family, so it is clear that even the daughters of the family received basic literary training. Andong Kim-ssi Sego (安東金氏世稿 Collected Works of the Andong Kim Family), the collection of poems by Kim Sung-Dal and his wife from the Yeonan Lee family, and Wujin, a collection of poetry of Kim Sung Dal, his concubine, and her daughter, show that both the parents and the children of the family were well-versed regardless of gender. Hoyeonjaes brother, Kim Si-Taek, published Yeonjurok, a compilation of poems by the seven siblings, and Hoyeonjae herself weote more than 200 Hansi.
Hoyeonnjae married Song Yo-Hwa, the great-grandson of a famous scholar, Dongchungang (同春堂 ,penname) Song Jun-Gil, but this marriage, beyond the union of a man and a woman, was a union between the Andong Kims and the Eunjin Songs, the two familles that held the power in the court.
Kyenyusuh (戒女書), which was the de facto manual on womanly behavior at the time, preached the Confucius principles that men should be held in a status above women (男尊女卑) and that a woman should unconditionally follow her husbands wishes (女心從夫). However, Hoyeonjae wrote Jakyungpyun (An oath to oneself) and asserted that men and women are, and should be, equals.
While her husband spend most of his days away to tend to his mother, Hoyeonjae was alone to tend to the matters within her household, managing more than 30 servants. Of the mansion that her husband built, four houses still remain, and there were four additional servants quarters; these buildings stand even today as a testament to the size and prosperity of the household. And while living in this mansion, she also educated her children under strict standards, which is another dynamic of her writing.
Hoyeonjae would write poems that mollified her worries while smoking (since tobacco was introduced to Chosun in 1616, it hadnt even been a century when Hoeyonjae picked up smoking), and wrote poems that revealed her vast mind and unfilled heart while drinking. Her descendants made an efort to pass her work to later generations. Her Jakyoungpyun, written to educate women, was translated into hangul to allow even uneducated women to be able to read it. This particular poem was beautifully transcribed by her great-granddaughter-in-law from the Chungson Shim family. Because Hoyeonjaes poetry was never published and kept inside the house, most of it would have disappeared had her descendants not put the effort in the transcriptions. The effort of her descendants that kept her works for these past 300 years is also a reason why her literature can still be read today.
Hoyeonjae was born into a family like no one else, raised in a literary environment and traded poetry with family members, and married into an equally distinguished family that allowed her to experience things that most other women of her generation could not have experienced. Hoyeonjaes literature was borne out of this environments, and this environment made her literature available still today.

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호연재 문학의 배경 = Backgrounds of Hoyeonjae Literature

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